# 380. Insert Delete GetRandom O(1)
Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time.
insert(val): Inserts an item val to the set if not already present.
remove(val): Removes an item val from the set if present.
getRandom(): Returns a random element from current set of elements. Each element must have the same probability of being returned.
Example:
// Init an empty set.
RandomizedSet randomSet = new RandomizedSet();
// Inserts 1 to the set. Returns true as 1 was inserted successfully.
randomSet.insert(1);
// Returns false as 2 does not exist in the set.
randomSet.remove(2);
// Inserts 2 to the set, returns true. Set now contains [1,2].
randomSet.insert(2);
// getRandom should return either 1 or 2 randomly.
randomSet.getRandom();
// Removes 1 from the set, returns true. Set now contains [2].
randomSet.remove(1);
// 2 was already in the set, so return false.
randomSet.insert(2);
// Since 2 is the only number in the set, getRandom always return 2.
randomSet.getRandom();
# Solution
Approach 1: use the fact that array has O(1) random access, and can be resized to get amortized O(1) insert and delete.
# Code (Python)
Approach 1:
import random
class RandomizedSet:
def __init__(self):
"""
Initialize your data structure here.
"""
self.locations = {} # mapping of {value: index of the value as in self.values}
self.values = [] # a python list is like an ArrayList in Java because it's represented as an array with size expansions/reductions; append() and poplast() are both O(1) amortized
def insert(self, val: int) -> bool:
"""
Inserts a value to the set. Returns true if the set did not already contain the specified element.
"""
if val in self.locations:
return False
self.values.append(val)
self.locations[val] = len(self.values) - 1
return True
def remove(self, val: int) -> bool:
"""
Removes a value from the set. Returns true if the set contained the specified element.
"""
if val not in self.values:
return False
if len(self.values) == 1:
self.locations = {}
self.values = []
return True
# delete the value in array self.values, and use the last item of the array to fill in the hole
hole_index = self.locations[val]
self.locations.pop(val)
swap_index = len(self.values) - 1
swap_value = self.values[swap_index]
self.values[hole_index] = swap_value
self.locations[swap_value] = hole_index
self.values.pop()
return True
def getRandom(self) -> int:
"""
Get a random element from the set.
"""
return self.values[random.randint(0, len(self.values) - 1)]
# Code (C++)
Approach 1:
Approach 2: